For the first 180 years of this nation's existence, prayer was as
American as mom, baseball and apple pie. Americans prayed—everywhere. It
was part of our heritage. In my own lifetime, I can remember when
prayer was a common thing at high school graduations, high school
football games, city council meetings and just about any public venue.
This
began to drastically change when the Supreme Court, in 1962, banned
prayer in public schools. Since that time, there has been a growing
hostility toward Christian prayer, and a crusade to ban it in every
public venue.
A recent target of this un-American, anti-prayer
crusade is Joe Kennedy of Bremerton High School in Washington state, a
Marine Corps veteran and coach of the football team. Kennedy has a long
tradition of kneeling to pray at the end of each football game and is
often joined by some of the players.
He was recently notified by
the District Superintendent, Aaron Leavell, that his public prayers must
stop, even though it is a personal prayer on his part and no one is
required, or even asked, to join him. The notification to cease and
desist included the added warning, "Your talks with students may not
include religious expressions, including prayer. They must remain
entirely secular in nature."
This is ironic in light of the fact
that America was birthed in prayer. Prayer played a vital role in its
beginning—at each Continental Congress, with George Washington, with the
Continental Army and with the American populace in general. We might
say that prayer was part of being American!
Prayer at the First Continental Congress
The
First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to decide how to respond
to Britain's growing attempts to tax and control the lives of the
colonists without their participation. Because of growing colonial
protests, British troops had been dispatched to quell the
"disturbances."
As delegates traveled from New England in the
north, and from as far south as South Carolina, it weighed heavily on
their minds how two regiments of British troops had just occupied the
city of Boston and closed its port.
At the first meeting on Sept.
5, 1774, it was proposed that they begin their deliberations with
prayer. Two delegates opposed the motion on the grounds that they were
such a diverse religious group—Anglicans, Puritans, Presbyterians,
Quakers and so on—that it would be impossible for them to pray together.
Samuel
Adams, a Puritan from Boston, arose and said that he was not a bigoted
man and that he could join in prayer with any person of piety and virtue
who loved his country. He went on to say that although he was a
stranger to Philadelphia he had heard of an Anglican minister, a Rev.
Dusche, who was such a man and proposed that they invite him to come and
lead them in prayer.
Adams' proposal was approved and Dusche was
asked to preside over a time of Bible reading and prayer. As Dusche,
elderly and grey-haired, stood before the Congress, he began by reading
the entire 35th Psalm, which powerfully impacted everyone present. It is
a prayer of David for deliverance and begins with the words, "Plead my
cause, O Lord, with my adversaries; fight those who fight me." The psalm ends with praise for God's deliverance.
As
Dusche read the psalm, a unique sense of God's presence filled the room
and tears flowed from many eyes. John Adams wrote to his wife, Abigail,
of the impact of the Bible reading and prayer on the delegates. He
said:
"Who can realize the emotions with which they turned
imploringly to heaven for divine interposition and aid. It was enough to
melt a heart of stone? I never saw a greater effect upon an audience.
It seems as if heaven had ordained that Psalm to be read that day. I saw
tears gush into the eyes of the old, grave pacific Quakers of
Philadelphia. I must beg you to read that Psalm" (Hyatt, America's Revival Heritage, 69).
After
reading the psalm, Dusche began praying for the delegates, for America
and especially for the city of Boston and its inhabitants who were under
siege. As he began praying, the Anglicans, such as George Washington
and Richard Henry Lee, knelt in prayer according to their custom. The
Puritans, according to their custom, sat with bowed heads and prayed.
Others prayed according to their own unique customs. But although their
outward manners differed, there was a singleness of heart and purpose as
they all united in prayer for God's assistance and intervention for
America.
The Influence of the Great Awakening
This could only happen because there had been a great spiritual
awakening (1726-1770) that created a moral and prayerful tone throughout
the colonies. When, for example, the Great Awakening came to
Philadelphia, prayer became so prominent that Benjamin Franklin said
that one could not walk down any street in the city without hearing
prayer and praise coming from houses on every street (Eddie Hyatt, The Faith & Vision of Benjamin Franklin, 33).
Through
the incessant labors of revivalists such as George Whitefield,
denominational walls were broken down and the scattered colonists, for
the first time, began to see themselves as "one nation under God."
Through the Great Awakening, prayer became a very real part of the
American experience. Prayer became as American as mom and apple pie.
George Washington Institutes Prayer
Prayer continued to
be vital part of the proceedings of the Continental Congresses. In fact,
at the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Benjamin Franklin reminded
the delegates how that during the war (1775-1783) "we had daily prayers
in this room for divine protection" (Hyatt, The Faith &Vision of Benjamin Franklin, 62).
During
the Second Continental Congress (1775-1781), where there was daily
prayer, it was unanimously decided to declare independence from Great
Britain. The Declaration of Independence was then issued on July 4,
1776. They also asked George Washington to become the commander in chief
of the ragtag continental army.
Washington accepted the call and
immediately set out to bring a moral discipline to the troops. He issued
an order that there was to be no drunkenness or profanity and that each
day was to begin with prayer led by the officers of each unit. He also
ordered that unless their duties required them to be elsewhere, every
soldier was to observe "a punctual attendance of Divine services, to
implore the blessing of heaven upon the means used for our safety and
public defense."
The Congress and the Nation Prays
During
the War, the Continental Congress issued no less than 15 proclamations
of "humiliation and prayer," calling on all Americans to set aside
particular days to fast and pray for God's assistance to their cause.
The proclamation of 1779 urged the nation "humbly to approach the throne
of Almighty God" to ask "that He would establish the independence of
these United States upon the basis of religion [Christianity] and
virtue."
At the close of the war, George Washington wrote a
circular letter, dated June 14, 1783, to the governors of the various
states, which included his "earnest prayer" that I here quote in part.
He wrote:
I now make it my earnest prayer that God would have you,
and the State over which you preside, in his holy protection; that he
would incline the hearts of the citizens ... to entertain a brotherly
affection and love for one another ... and to demean ourselves with that
charity, humility and pacific temper of mind, which were the
characteristics of the Divine Author of our blessed religion, and
without an humble imitation of whose example in these things, we can
never hope to be a happy nation.
Here's How We Must Respond
There
is no question that America was birthed in a milieu of prayer. Prayer
was such a vital part of the early American experience that in 1787 the
"nonreligious" Benjamin Franklin chided the Constitutional Convention
for not praying before their deliberations and called on them to pray
and ask God for His help and assistance.
So, let us not be
intimidated into thinking that prayer is somehow inappropriate for
public or political venues. Remember how Tim Tebow was ridiculed by
liberal pundits for kneeling on the football field to pray and give
thanks to God? Those individuals were obviously uninformed about
American history, for prayer is American—as American as mom, baseball
and apple pie.
Let us, therefore, be bold in our faith. Let us be
salt and light in this generation. Let us pray for another Great
Awakening in the land. It is the godly thing to do! It is the American
thing to do!
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